Surveillance Research Desk
If you need to understand what investigators can and cannot lawfully do, this section explains surveillance, privacy, and evidence gathering in a way that is grounded in statutes, court decisions, and real investigative practice.
This section is here to help you understand the patterns, warning signs, and common questions tied to this issue.
We lean on original reporting and well-known reference sources so the material is useful, not vague.
If what you are reading sounds uncomfortably familiar, this is the service area most closely connected to it.
Articles in this section.
These articles are here to help you understand the facts, the patterns, and where legal issues may affect your next step.
- Criminal Code
- PIPEDA / CPPA materials
- Ontario PSISA
- Supreme Court of Canada cases
- Surveillance
Employee Monitoring Statistics 2026: 78% of Employers Track Workers
Workplace surveillance is now the default. Here is what the current data shows across the United States, United Kingdom and Canada — how many employers monitor, what they track, what they tell workers, and what it costs them.
Read article → - Legal research
Video Evidence Laws in Ontario [2026]
Is it legal to record video in Ontario? Capture generally isn't restricted, but Criminal Code s. 162 and Canada Evidence Act s. 31.1 govern use in court.
Read article → - Legal research
Court-Admissible Evidence Standards in Ontario [2026]
Is evidence admissible in an Ontario court? It must clear relevance, materiality, and CEA s. 31.1 authentication. This guide covers the tests and case law.
Read article → - Legal research
Recording Laws by Province in Canada [2026]
Recording consent rules by province in Canada: Criminal Code s 184 baseline, Quebec Civil Code exception, audio vs video rules for consumers and employers.
Read article → - Legal research
Surveillance Laws by Province in Canada [2026]
How Canadian surveillance law varies by province: which statute governs (PIPEDA, BC PIPA, Alberta PIPA, Quebec Law 25), what PIs can do, and 2026 changes.
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How to use this section.
Start with the article that sounds closest to your concern. If the law matters, read the legal explainers next. If you need help, talk to us.
- Start here 2 publications
These articles help you understand how this issue usually shows up and what the research says about it.
- If the law matters 4 briefs
Read these when privacy, admissibility, procedure, or courtroom use changes what you should do next.
- If you need help Surveillance services
If this is more than a question and has become a real problem, move into the service page or contact us directly.
If this is the issue you are facing, we can help you look into it.
Research can help you understand the issue, but sometimes you need evidence, clarity, or a plan. That is where the next step starts.
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